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A total of 35 courses have been found.
Language minorities and linguistic human rights in the United States and worldwide; language and identity, culture, power; case studies of language rights deprivation.

Imagine any of the following:

  • You start school as a child and are not taught in your home language, the only one you speak well.
  • You are arrested by the police, but you don’t understand the language they speak.
  • You go to the Department of Motor Vehicles or another government office, and the people speak to you in an unfamiliar language.
  • You talk to your friends in public but can’t use the language you use with them in private.
  • Your parents give you one name, but the government insists you be called something else.

All around the world these very things happen. How would your life be affected? How do you think you would react?

 

In this course we examine issues of linguistic human rights: the fundamental right to use one's language and the efforts made to secure those rights and deny them. We explore how language rights are integral to human rights in general and an individual's definition of personal and cultural identity through studying a variety of case studies of the abrogation of language rights locally, nationally, and internationally. Course requirements include one midterm exam, four 1-2 page written assignments, a group project and presentation focusing on a particular case of language rights, and regular discussion posts.

International and Global Issues
Comparative study of culture, social organization.

Most of us tend to see our own way of life as “natural”… as reflecting some kind of universal human nature. Sociocultural insights cause us to question these assumptions. This course offers a general introduction to sociocultural anthropology, the comparative study of culture. In this context, “culture” refers to a repertoire of ideas and everyday practices that work to organize social life, structure thought, motivate behavior, and otherwise bring intelligibility to both collective and individual experiences. Through readings, lecture, discussion and film, this course will explore variations in worldview and social organization (familial, political, economic, and religious) in human societies and also consider various processes of social change. The course is intended to (1) introduce basic concepts and methods in sociocultural anthropology; (2) promote greater understanding of human diversity in the context of the contemporary world system; and (3) encourage analysis of institutions and worldviews that structure life in the contemporary United States.

For Fall 2022, students will need to obtain access these three books: Zenana by Laura A. Ring (Indiana University Press 2006), Chicken by Steve Striffler (Yale University Press 2005), and The mushroom at the end of the world by Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing (Princeton University Press 2015). These are reasonably priced books. Students are encourage to purchase hard copies from a campus bookstore, but all three books will also be available in digital form free of charge through University of Iowa Main Library.  Additional readings will be posted on the course website. So students will not be required to purchase any texts.

Social Sciences Values and Culture Values, Society, and Diversity
Human language in context of animal communication; development, acquisition of language; biological base; language as a linguistic system in cultural social context.

This course is an introduction to contemporary linguistic anthropology, the study of language use in comparative social and cultural contexts. We will cover some basic concepts from the theoretical perspectives of the discipline and explore a range of topics that show how language and ideas about language contribute to the construction of our reality and social worlds. We will consider how the effects of language use emerge from interactions beyond individual control, and will explore relationships between language and group identity, including categories of ethnicity and gender. We will examine how language use derives its authority from specific institutions that promote particular forms and deny access both within individual states and globally. We will also evaluate differences in language’s social power across media (spoken, written, signed) of communication. Along the way students will come to appreciate a view of human language as a particularly structured system of signs. The student who completes this course will have new tools for understanding the social significance of different forms of language use both with which she or he comes in contact on a daily basis and that exist across the globe.

Social Sciences
Selected world problems from an anthropological perspective; current dilemmas and those faced by diverse human groups in recent times and distant past.

In the world we live today, what kind of role can anthropology play? We have violence, climate change, economic inequalities, racism and other forms of discrimination. Taking examples from around the world, the class will discuss how everyday people navigate their lives and attempt to address societal challenges amidst constraint. This course offers a venue to think about the problems in relation to anthropology as a scholarly discipline.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences
Long-term patterns of human-environment interactions surveyed through archaeological case studies; varied scales of human impacts, including animal extinction, habitat destruction, agricultural practices, urban growth, state-level societies. GE: Sustainability.

Communities across the globe are increasingly concerned that the byproducts from our industrial lives are causing climate change and irreparable damage to our natural environment. Anthropology provides a rich source of information on how humans interact with nature, and provides a baseline for understanding ecosystems’ dynamic pasts, which together can be used to place today's environmental crisis in perspective. Using examples and case studies from around the world, this course surveys the changing nature of human-environmental interactions over the last 60,000 years. The lecture component of the course explores how long-term changes in social organization, subsistence patterns, population growth, and settlement practices have influenced the nature and scale of human impacts on the environment through time. This part of the course is organized around major categories of human impacts including animal extinction, habitat destruction, agricultural practices, effects of urban growth and development, and impacts of state level societies on the environment. The discussion section takes the themes and concepts outlined in lecture and applies them to our modern life to show how our relationship with the environment is an expansion of the human experience for the last several thousand years.

This course satisfies the Social Sciences GE.

Social Sciences Sustainability
Overview of museum history, function, philosophy, collection, and curatorial practices; governance and funding issues; exhibition evaluation and audience studies; examples from Stanley Museum of Art, Museum of Natural History, Old Capitol Museum, and Medical Museum.

As museums collect and preserve artifacts and objects from our world, they reflect the values, creativity, and aspirations of human culture. This course intends to provide a broad overview of the past and present of museums (and take a good look into future possibilities).  Using examples from various types of museums (e.g., art, history, natural history, science, culturally specific) this course will present the foundations of museum studies and explain how museums function.  Students will investigate evolving approaches to collection and curatorial practice; governance and operations; audience and community engagement; and ethical issues. This course will present the variety of career pathways available in the field and link students to internship and service learning opportunities. This course is meant to encourage students to think about and contribute to a larger conversation about the significant role museums play in our society.

Social Sciences
Overview of the field of gerontology from a bio-psycho-social framework; how the human body and brain age, effects of these biological changes on physical and cognitive functions, and interaction of these individual factors with societal contexts; broad perspective to give students a foundation in gerontology, paving the way for more advanced courses in biology of aging, psychology of aging, and global aging; for students from a wide range of disciplines and levels, no prior knowledge of aging required.

This course covers the social, psychological, and biological aspects of aging. Major topics include demography of aging, health, economic issues, primary relationships, and social services.  Evaluation of student performance may include any combination of papers, exams, class presentations, and class participation. The specific evaluation procedure and the percentage of the grade assigned to each aspect of the evaluation is delineated in a course outline distributed by the individual instructor within the first two weeks of the semester.

 

Social Sciences
Introduction to sustainability knowledge, skills, and habits as a means to shape one's vision of a sustainable citizen; emphasis on basic skills of literacy, applied math, and finding information; traditional sustainability knowledge areas related to society, economy, and environment; intersecting themes (e.g., informed consumerism, eco-economics, and livable environments). GE: Sustainability. Social Sciences Sustainability
Processes and effects of mass communication; how mass media operate in the United States; how mass communication scholars develop knowledge.

COMM:1174 is an introductory course about the media in the context of the transformation from a mass society into a surveillance society. When new media technologies are invented, observers incorporate them into their visions of the future, though the precise contours of the future prove to be elusive. This class will focus on the social role of the media from a variety of perspectives to integrate visions about new media technologies with the subsequent development of the institutional and legal frameworks shaping them and the cultural practices that emerge around them. We’ll examine fears about a mass society, address the development of the commercial television industry and trace the transition to a fragmented media environment with its fears about a surveillance society in the wake of the popularity of the Internet. Requirements include papers, a midterm and a final and productive participation.

Social Sciences Values and Culture Values, Society, and Diversity
Introduction to public health; emphasis on issues, challenges, achievements, careers; historical events that serve as a foundation for public health practice.

This course will provide students with an introduction to the field of public health. Students will be introduced to key disciplines, methods, and topics in public health practice and research. Foundational concepts used throughout the course include social determinants of health, health equity, behavioral theories and epidemiological methods. Lectures will cover a wide range of current public health topics, including infectious disease, maternal and child health, agricultural health, health policy, and indigenous health. Students will also hear from graduate students in public health and explore career options in public health.

 

 

By the end of the course, student should be able to:

Identify the differences between population-based health and individual-based health.

Describe how scientific evidence is utilized to develop public health practices and interventions.

Describe the major disciplines in public health.

Describe various career paths in public health.

Explain the major achievements of public health, including the impact they have had on the health of the population.

Apply creative problem-solving strategies to address specific issues in public health.

Describe future challenges for public health in the 21st century.

Social Sciences
Nature and causes of crime; the criminal justice process, correctional treatment, crime prevention.

This course is an introduction to the study of crime.  The course begins with a discussion of the extent and patterns of crime in the United States, and then reviews the basics of the major explanations of the causes of crime.  The heart of the course focuses on introducing students to research on the major categories of crime, sometimes called the “criminal behavior systems,” including:  property crime, violent crime, corporate crime, organized crime, political crime, and drug crime.  

Social Sciences
Organization, workings of modern economic systems; role of markets, prices, competition in efficient allocation of resources and promotion of economic welfare; international trade.

This course introduces students to the tools used by economists to analyze markets and social issues. Students will gain an understanding of how individual economic agents, such as households and firms, make decisions and interact in markets and how markets allocate inputs among producers and output among consumers. Students will also learn how to evaluate the successes and failures of market systems and how government policies affect the economic well-being of the nation as a whole and of particular groups in the population.

Requirements: BBA students cannot use this course for GE CLAS Core Social Sciences
Social Sciences
National income and output, unemployment, and inflation; economic growth and development; money and credit; monetary and fiscal policy; government finance; international finance.

This course introduces students to the study of economic activity at the national level. It analyzes how households, firms, and the government interact and how they affect and are affected by economic growth, unemployment, and inflation. The goals of the course are to teach students to use the economist's lens to view the world more clearly and to give them the tools to understand and analyze aggregate economic measures, monetary and fiscal policies, and the role of the United States in a global economy.

Requirements: BBA students cannot use this course for GE CLAS Core Social Sciences
Social Sciences
Global environmental challenges; ecological, economical, cultural, and geographical causes and effects; underlying science and potential solutions to global issues of sustainability.

The demands on earth’s resources have never been greater, leading to a wide array of environmental impacts on a grand scale. This introductory course profiles the leading global environmental issues of our time, particularly those associated with land use, population change, pollution, energy, and climate change.  The class adopts an interdisciplinary perspective that emphasizes their causes, consequences, and solutions. The major goals of the course are to: 1) explore the most urgent global environmental issues and their relationships with physical, social, biological, and economic processes; and 2) introduce you to basic geographic concepts in the context of current environmental challenges.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences
World regions including their physical environment, culture, economy, politics, and relationships with other regions; students learn about conflicts within and between regions.

Examination of contemporary global society, focusing on world regions, including physical environment, culture, economy, and politics of each region and relationships between regions; analysis of current conflicts within and between regions, including social, religious, political, and economic issues.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences
How dramatic changes to the size of population has changed fundamental characteristics of populations and processes, such as food and water scarcity, climate change and biodiversity, rise of megacities, health and disease, migration, social networks, economics, environment, and household structure.

A person is born every 8 seconds, a person dies every 12. Five thousand years ago only 10 million people populated the earth. Today, there are nearly 20 megacities with populations over 10 million and the global population has swelled to over 7 billion. In this course you will learn how this dramatic increase in population size has changed fundamental characteristics of populations and processes such as migration, social networks and household structure. We will also examine the consequences of population changes such as environmental degradation, the spread of disease and armed conflict. The course material provides an important foundation for future study in topics such as environmental science and policy, public health, political science, international affairs and business.

Social Sciences

Examination of contemporary economic geography; types of national economies, uneven development, role of government in shaping economy, multinational corporations; foundation for understanding national economies and economic statistics; contemporary issues including economic globalization, commodification of nature, de-industrialization.

Why are various economic activities located in different places? How are these locations changing? What is globalization and how does it affect local economies? This course, designed for students in all majors, examines the economic geography of the world. During the first 12 weeks, we focus on important factors that affect the location and distribution of economic activities across the globe. Major topics include population distributions, variation in regional economies, natural resource distribution, industrial location, foreign investment, and international trade. The remaining weeks are devoted to examining the position of selected nations and groups of nations in the international economy. Here, the key topics are world economic development, regional economic structures, and regional growth and decline. Class meetings include lectures and discussions. Final grades are based on four assignments, two midterms, the final exam, and participation. One or more sections may be assigned to a TILE classroom.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences
Introduction to the interdisciplinary field of international studies; globalization, migration, and inequality.

This course is designed to help you improve your international literacy. The objectives of this course are to help you develop a functional understanding of global institutions and patterns, to engage you with a variety of international issues and problems, and above all to challenge you to think about the world in new and creative ways that should prove useful in pursuit of career goals with international dimensions. The course is structured around three global challenges: membership in the global community, migration and inequality.

Complex problems require multifaceted solutions which transcend international boundaries and reach multiple populations across the globe all at once. By applying an International Studies approach to these three global challenges, you will begin to appreciate how taking an interdisciplinary approach is becoming not only increasingly relevant, but indispensable. This class consists of two weekly lectures and a discussion session; you are expected to have read the required readings before each session. You are expected to attend all lecture and discussion sessions; exams may include questions drawn from the content of these sessions not found in the reading materials. This class fulfils the CLAS Core International and Global Issues general education (GE) requirement.

International and Global Issues
Prehistory of social media and identification of ideas, events, and elements in ancient and historical times; earliest days of online posting and interacting; first instances of social engagement on the Web; how social media (journalism, politics, health care, romance and lifestyle, entertainment, war and terrorism, professions and jobs) affects individual areas of life, culture, and society; what's next and how social media changes lives in the future and affects the fate of humanity.

Social Media Today is a survey course with no prerequisites, intended for students of any major and interest. This course offers an overview of our current understanding of a wide range of social media phenomena from the point of view of researchers, professionals, and critics. We will begin with a brief history of communication technologies, including the first instances of social engagement on the Web. Next, we will discuss key conceptual and theoretical developments that ground informed discussions of social media. We then will examine what the rise of social media means for contemporary culture and society, focusing on a range of topics including: journalism, politics, justice, romance, and marketing. Finally, we will consider future possibilities for digital and social media.

Values and Culture Values, Society, and Diversity
Correlations between social and linguistic behavior; methods for discovering and describing socially significant language behavior; educational and political implications of findings.

Officially an introduction to sociolinguistics, this course looks at how people use language when they interact with each other. The focus is on dialects of English. You will learn how your way of speaking is different from the way they speak English in, for example, Chicago, Minnesota, Texas, Kentucky, the Boston area, and the east coast states, as well as in England. You will be able, among other things, to characterize the differences between Standard American English and Received Pronunciation, the dialect spoken by the Queen of England.

Further, you will discover why you do not understand the earlier forms of English, for example, the English spoken by Geoffrey Chaucer, a 14th century English poet. It will become clear why English spelling is so hard to learn.

We will also look at how you vary your language depending on the situation you are in and who you talk to. You will also see how the use of language can tell you about social classes.

The course meets twice a week and is, for the most part, taught in a lecture format, but some part of the course (about 30%) is in a discussion format, which provides an opportunity to enhance your analytical skills. The lecture is taught in an interactive way, whereby the students who wish to work with the instructor provide the data by, for example, pronouncing certain words that are then analyzed in the lecture. The emphasis is on what we do in class, not on the readings.

Course requirements include short homework assignments, two midterms and a final.

Social Sciences
How society balances its needs against those of the natural environment when addressing modern challenges like climate change, conservation, and energy crises; exploration of sustainability through the lens of U.S. environmental policy and politics; application of fundamental theories of public policy to answer questions—when do environmental problems become policy problems; what economic, social, and political forces shape environmental policy decisions; and what are the consequences of environmental policies for individuals and organizations? GE: Sustainability. Social Sciences Sustainability

Structure and processes of American national government; how the United States manages political conflict; impact of the U.S. Constitution; effect of public opinion, interest groups, and media on government; role and evolution of Congress, presidency, bureaucracy, and Supreme Court.

This course is a general introduction to American government and politics. Topics covered include the Constitution, civil liberties and civil rights, voting behavior, political parties, interest groups, Congress, the presidency, and the courts.

Social Sciences
Patterns and basis of political behavior of American electorate; trends in voter turnout; vote choice; ideology, partisanship, and public opinion.

This course is an introduction to the political behavior of the American electorate. The basic goals of this course are to explain political behavior and investigate the consequences of it. In this course, political behavior is broadly defined, and topics include voter turnout, vote choice, partisanship, ideology, issue attitudes, public opinion, socialization, and representation. In class, we will mainly address the following questions: Who votes? Who votes for whom? What moves public opinion? In order to address these questions, we will explore literature, controversies, and theories of political behavior.

Social Sciences
Common problems, literature, analytic techniques.

Every modern ideology of politics claims to offer versions of environmentalism. It’s easy to find liberals, conservatives, socialists, and more who urge rescuing Earth from climate change, erosion, pollution, resources exhaustion, and so on. Yet in philosophy, fiction, and film, many classics of green politics reach beyond modern institutions, principles, and policies. They link instead to existentialism, feminism, perfectionism, and populism. These often agree with greens that we need to limit industrialism, curb capitalism, undo patriarchy, revive community, yet decenter humanity. The tasks are tall, so we use green classics to discuss green challenges.


Six classics are books: The Unsettling of America by Wendell Berry, Second Nature and The Botany of Desire by Michael Pollan, The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert, plus Green Earth and The Ministry for the Future as novels by Kim Stanley Robinson. Others are essays and poems by Aldo Leopold, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Gary Snyder. Probable film classics are: The Milagro Beanfield War (1988), Clearcut (1991), A Thousand Acres (1997), Fight Club (1999), and Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012), Course books are sold by the University Bookstore in the Iowa Memorial Union. Students arrange to view the films from DVDs, streaming services, libraries, or the like. The seminar divides into three parts, with students writing argumentative essays about political issues and course resources in each part. Instructions are provided in advance, and the essays are written on a take-home basis.

Social Sciences Values and Culture Values, Society, and Diversity

Politics worldwide, including all regions and levels of development; wide-ranging themes, including regime types, political change, political culture, public opinion, government structures, state-society relationship, electoral systems, public policy issues.

Comparative politics is the field that uses evidence to answer questions about the workings of domestic politics by comparing the experiences of different countries. Our study of the topic begins with countries relatively similar to the one most of you know best, the United States. We will investigate why the advanced industrial democracies have pursued such different social and economic policies, the policies that have the most direct impact on the wellbeing of their citizens. In doing so, we will also learn how political institutions differ across democracies and the effects that these differences have on politics. During the second half of the course, we will turn to recently democratizing countries to study how authoritarian regimes maintain power, the circumstances in which they give way to democracy, and the problems often faced by new democratic governments in the developing world. Throughout the course, we will consider how comparison allows us to draw conclusions about political processes. Grades will be based on quizzes, short writing assignments, eight low-stakes exams, and class participation.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences

Survey of key issues in international relations, including causes of wars, different types of theories of international relations, international organizations, and global environmental problems.

International and Global Issues Social Sciences
Foreign policies: goals, basic themes and general patterns, problems encountered by policy makers, means employed in dealing with other nations and international organizations, processes by which policies are formulated, factors that influence structure of policies. International and Global Issues Social Sciences
Institutions, dynamics, issues of political communities considered as networks of communication; representative topics include political actors, ads, films, media, myths, news, publics, regulations, rhetorics, symbols. Social Sciences
Historical and philosophical foundations of counseling psychology; theories, application, and work of counseling psychologists.

Have you ever wanted to learn more about counseling and psychotherapy approaches to addressing mental health? Are you curious how contemporary social and cultural issues have an impact on our mental health? Have you wondered how psychologists can enact change at the individual and societal level? This course is designed to answer these questions and to provide an overview of the profession of counseling psychology.

Counseling psychology is a profession that helps clients remedy problems, engage in prevention strategies, and develop and enhance their strengths and skills. Counseling psychologists also study social and cultural factors of mental health, such as race and racism, sexism, and other forms and systems of oppression, as well as social justice and community activist approaches to create change at the individual and societal level.

Specific topics to be covered in this course will include the definition and history of counseling psychology, the theory and practice of psychotherapy, career counseling, multiculturalism and social justice, suicide, counseling skills, social/cultural issues, ethics, and various applications of counseling psychology.

Social Sciences
Psychology as a behavioral science.

Why do we act the way we do?  This course introduces psychology as the science of behavior. Psychological science addresses the major experiences of every person:  How do we perceive the world around us?  How do we learn, remember, and think?  How do we develop?  What causes mental illnesses, and how can those illnesses be treated?  To answer these questions, the course focuses on sensation and perception, learning, child development, memory and cognition, neuroscience, psychotherapy, abnormal behavior, and social influences on behavior. Course format consists of lectures and a discussion section. Requirements include assigned readings in the text, class lectures, short papers, and participation in discussions. Students also are required to become familiar with research methods in psychology either by participation in research studies or through brief reviews of selected research literature. Readings are primarily taken from a text, but additional readings and class materials may be assigned.

Social Sciences
Introduction to abnormal psychology; scientist-practitioner model, training, ethics, research methods in clinical psychology; current approaches to intellectual, personality, behavioral assessment; theories, research on treatment of psychological disorders.

This course is designed to introduce you to the concepts and methods of the science of clinical psychology. It has three areas of emphasis: 1) fundamentals of scientific clinical psychology; 2) evidence-based psychological assessment; and 3) evidence-based psychological intervention.  This course will provide an introduction to (a) major theoretical models and research methods in scientific clinical psychology; (b) several psychological problems, with topics varying by semester but commonly including problems that are particularly relevant to college students (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and eating disorders); (c) the general principles underlying the construction, administration, and interpretation of evidence-based clinical assessments; and (d) empirically supported approaches to psychological intervention. You are urged to reconsider your decision to take this class if you are reluctant to examine these topics in a scientific manner.  Taking this course should make you a more informed consumer of claims about contemporary clinical psychology and may assist in your evaluation of clinical psychology or other related potential career goals. This course is not designed to provide extensive information on the nature of psychological disorders (see Abnormal Psychology course) or to provide you with the skills to assess and treat psychological problems.

Prerequisites: PSY:1001
Social Sciences
Current research in developmental science; prenatal development, brain development, motor and physical development, perceptual development, language development, cognitive development, aspects of socio-emotional development; emphasis on modern theoretical approaches.

When do infants learn to reach, crawl, and walk? When do children learn their first words? When do children learn to read? These questions, although interesting, all focus on what happens at different ages. But as you will learn in this course, developmental science is not just about children or child development—it's also about how human behavior changes over time. Thus, the main questions developmental scientists ask revolve around the word "how": How do infants learn to reach? How do children learn their first words? How do children learn to read? Emphasis is placed on understanding the processes that underlie child development at multiple levels--from neurons to neighborhoods--and across multiple time scales. Topics include prenatal development, brain development in children, motor and physical development, perceptual development, language development, cognitive development, and aspects of social and emotional development. Lectures, supplementary readings, and discussion section exercises will give you an appreciation for how science is conducted by stepping back from the "facts" in the textbook to explore current research in developmental science and how this research impacts the real world.

 

Prerequisites: PSY:1001
Social Sciences
Individual human cognition; perception, attention, memory, language, learning, problem solving, decision making, thought considered from viewpoint of information processing.

How do humans think? How does memory work, and how do we prevent ourselves from being distracted? These questions center around problems in cognitive psychology, the area devoted to understanding thought processes. This course will provide a general introduction to human cognition, focusing on topics such as the brain mechanisms of cognition, perception, attention, memory, language, categorization, imagery, and intelligence. Students will learn the major theories and findings in various areas of cognitive psychology. The class also will discuss the contribution of other perspectives on cognition, such as relevant work in computer science and neuroscience. Readings are primarily taken from a textbook, but additional readings and class materials may be assigned.

Prerequisites: PSY:1001
Social Sciences

How individuals are organized into social groups, ranging from intimate groups to bureaucracies, and how these influence individual behavior; nature and interrelationships of basic social institutions (family, education, religion, economy).

Sociology is the systematic study of the social world. Sociologists study many phenomena, such as small groups, organizations, cultures, and societies. Some of the topics we will cover are what some may call a “social problem,” for example, crime or poverty. Sociologists also examine social institutions like education, religion, and family. We will build on and probe beyond popular understandings of these topics, to achieve a deeper level of critical analysis. Moreover, we will explore the kinds of questions sociologists ask, why and how they ask them. In other words, the goal of this course is to learn how to “think sociologically.”

Social Sciences
Relationships between leisure and economics, sociology, other social sciences; effect of leisure on individual and group behavior; antecedents, motives, consequences of leisure behavior.

This course examines leisure and play from a social science perspective. Psychology, sociology, economic, and political science literature is used to inform the phenomenon of leisure behavior. Psychological readings emphasize individual motivation for play. Sociological literature informs how social groups use leisure and play as part of culture. Economic topics include the work ethic, overwork, and retirement. Political aspects of leisure behavior are examined through consideration of the prospects for a better society.

Social Sciences